No-Walk Kiger

Kiger No Walk was a Northern Paiute (Piute) woman from the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe, represents two Northern Paiute bands, the larger Kuyuidökadö (Cui Yui Ticutta) ("Cui-ui-Fish-Eaters") and the smaller Tasiget tuviwarai ("Those who live amidst the mountains").

The Pyramid Lake War – The Conflict That Forced The Northern Paiute Indians Off Of Their Ancient Lands

On May 5, 1860, after Northern Paiute Indians killed five men and burned the William’s Stop, a Pony Express site, to the ground. In response to the murders and the destruction of a crucial Pony Express site, the Williams brothers kidnapped and raped two Northern Paiute Indians.

On May 12th, 1860, the first battle of the Pyramid Lake War, also known as the Paiute War, the Washoe Indian War and the Pah Ute War, occurred after settlers, who had immigrated from the United States, banded together to retaliate against the destruction of the Pony Express stop, that was established in the Nevada territory. Northern Paiutes Indians allied with the Shoshone and the Bannock Indians against the Nevada settlers to secure a victory in the First Battle of Pyramid Lake.

Numaga, the chief of the Northern Paiutes who was also known as Young Winnemucca, advised against war and prophetically claimed that:

• “They will come like the sand in a whirlwind and drive you from your homes. You will be forced among the barren rocks of the north, where your ponies will die; where you will see the women and old men starve, and listen to the cries of your children for food.”

While Numaga, called for peace he prepared his people for an armed conflict before the start of the two battles, of the Pyramid Lake War, that ensued.

After the Second Battle of Pyramid Lake, Numaga’s prediction came to pass and his people were forced off of their lands, around Pyramid Lake, and onto reservations in Oregon and Washington.
Source: Records, Hamilton Historical. “The Pyramid Lake War – the Conflict That Forced the Northern Paiute Indians off of Their Ancient Lands.” Hamilton Historical Records, 24 Sept. 2019, hamiltonhistoricalrecords.com/2019/09/24/the-pyramid-lake-war-the-conflict-that-forced-the-northern-paiute-indians-off-of-their-ancient-lands/. Accessed 19 Mar. 2024.

O'Sullivan, Timothy H, photographer. The Pyramid and Domes, Pyramid Lake, Nev. / T.H. O'Sullivan, phot. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/98503891/>.

Additional Reading:
1. Shannon, Morgan. “Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation.” PeakVisor, peakvisor.com/park/pyramid-lake-paiute-reservation.html.
2. Tapahe, Dion, and Brigham Young University. “The Paiute War of 1860.” Intermountain Histories, 15 Mar. 2020, www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/406.
3. Alexander, Kathy. “Nevada Indian Battles – Legends of America.” Www.legendsofamerica.com, Mar. 2023, www.legendsofamerica.com/nevada-indian-battles/.

Biography:
No-Walk Kiger was born in 1867 to father Mah-tah-yah-d-na 'Thomas' Kiger and mother Ter-ner-pat-tah 'Sallie' Kiger. She had one younger sibling named Annie.

According to the book Vanished in Hiawatha, author Carla Joinson states that No-Walk was committed to the Canton Asylum from the Reno Agency on Jun 5. 1916, (however the letter from Dr. Hummer to the BIA indicates that she arrived from the Nevada Indian School, Nixon, Nevada) and was diagnosed with paraplegia (Paraplegia, also known as paraparesis, is a chronic condition that causes loss of muscle function in the lower half of the body, including both legs. It's usually caused by a spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the spinal canal's neural elements.).

She died at Canton but is listed as having died on both June 29 and July 2, 1929. However, the letter from Dr. Hummer to the BIA states June 29, 1929. The July 2, 1929, date comes from the historical marker at the cemetery's site and is incorrect.

Her profile is part of the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Canton_Asylum The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-DoD listed as both Jul 2, 1929, and June 29, 1929; I suspect she died June 29, 1929, and was buried July 2, 1929
-No-Walk is not in the 1929 Jun 30 Canton Asylum female census, which would seem to confirm a date of death of June 29, 1929, over July 2, 1929, the date of death referenced in some sources, which is probably the date of burial.
-The Kiger family first shows up in Indian census reports in 1900 and were neither in the Walker River Reservation nor Pyramid Lake Reservation censuses before, even though the Nevada Agency began taking censuses in 1886. Where they came from is unknown. (I checked the Duck Valley Reservation to the east, a combined Western Shoshone and Paiute Reservation, and found no family named Kiger.)
-It appears that Kiger No-Walk was included in the census by the Reno Agency in 1922 (after she was committed to the Canton Asylum) possibly living with her niece Inez in Fallon, NV. Dr. L.L. Culp's letter of February 17, 1934, says she was committed from Stewart, NV, a distance of only 65 miles apart.
-Note that the reports from the Reno Agency read Kiger No Walk Anna; Annie Kiger was the younger sister of No-Walk and mother of Inez. Annie might well be a nickname for Anna... No Walk and Anna are separately and distinctly listed in census reports as sisters.
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Sources:

1900 Jun 7 - "United States Census, 1900", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MSTD-3QQ : Wed Mar 06 19:21:09 UTC 2024), Entry for Thomas Kiger and Sallie Kiger, 1900, pg. 1266/1365, line 12, census of Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Nevada Agency, Washoe, Nevada

1900 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll288unit/page/n529/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 530/648, line 317, census of the Pah-Ute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1901 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll288unit/page/n551/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 552/648, line xx, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1902 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll288unit/page/n571/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 572/648, line xx, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1903 Jul 1 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7MP6-6NW2 : Wed Mar 06 02:49:07 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1903, pg. 596/651, line xx, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1904 Jul 1 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QB7Z-M63Z : Sun Mar 10 03:51:53 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kiger, 1904, pg. 618/651, line 288, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Piute, Lander, Nevada

1905 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7MPC-Y9T2 : Sun Mar 10 07:19:14 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1905, pg. 639/651, line 265, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1906 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:74M5-FSN2 : Fri Mar 08 00:27:46 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1906, pg. 15/365, line 353, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1907 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7W1Y-RL2M : Sun Mar 10 04:59:13 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1907, pg. 34/365, line 274, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1910 Apr 25 - "United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MKLW-TM7 : Mon Mar 11 01:52:56 UTC 2024), Entry for Sallie Kijer and No Walk Kijer, 1910, pg. 1232/1253, line 20 (widowed age 44, 2 children alive), census of the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Washoe, Nevada

1911 JUn 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:74M6-1VPZ : Thu Mar 07 05:17:19 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1911, pg. 96/365, line 265, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1912 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:74MP-MQN2 : Sat Mar 09 16:11:39 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1912, pg. 119/365, line 268, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1913 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QP3H-WHHH : Sat Mar 09 03:23:34 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1913, pg. 145/365, line 274, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1914 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:74MQ-8C6Z : Sun Mar 10 20:42:38 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1914, pg. 171/365, line 264, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1915 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QGLN-DRPP : Sun Mar 10 23:26:03 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1915, pg. 197/365, line 268 (widow age 50), census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1916 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7497-JFN2 : Sat Mar 09 17:32:23 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kijer, 1916, pg. 223/365, line 265, census of the Paiute Indians, Nevada Agency, Nevada

1917 Oct 1 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=778, line 61, Asylum for Insane Indians School census

1918 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=887, line 16

1920 Jan 30 - "United States Census, 1920", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6J7-FNV : Sun Mar 10 22:26:49 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kiger Kiger, 1920, pg. 652/1130, line 81 (single age 54), census of the Asylum for Insane Indians, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1921 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z4-CZ7W : Sat Mar 09 21:31:12 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kiger, 1921, pg. 509/522, line 21, Canton Asylum female census

1922 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=1042, line 21, Canton Asylum female census

1922 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll425unit/page/n88/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 89/168, line 236 (noted Dakota Asylum), Piute Indians of Pyramid Lake, Reno Agency, Nevada (Inconsistencies: birth 1875 called Kiger No Walk Anna?)

1923 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=32, line 23, Canton Asylum female census

1923 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll425unit/page/n115/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 116/168, line 233 (noted Dakota Asylum), Piute Indians of Pyramid Lake, Reno Agency, Nevada (Inconsistencies: birth 1875 called Kiger No Walk Anna? Niece Inez Kiger lived in Fallon.)

1924 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z4-F71Q : Fri Mar 08 20:18:22 UTC 2024), Entry for No Walk Kiger, 1924, pg. 516/522, line 26, Canton Asylum female census

1924 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll425unit/page/n139/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 140/168, line 246 (noted Dakota Insane Asylum), Piute Indians of Pyramid Lake, Reno Agency, Nevada (Inconsistencies: birth 1875 called Kiger No Walk Anna? Niece Inez Kiger lived in Fallon.)

1925 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=117, line 25, Canton Asylum female census

1925 - "South Dakota State Census, 1925", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MM43-DDZ : Sat Mar 09 04:18:11 UTC 2024), Entry for Walk Kiger, 1925, pg. 1679/3410, Card #640, SD State census of the Canton Asylum, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1926 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=168, line 26, Canton Asylum female census

1927 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=186, line 27, Canton Asylum female census

1928 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=211, line 25

1929 Jul 2 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493747/--kiger: accessed March 19, 2024), memorial page for - Kiger (unknown–2 Jul 1929), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493747, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400).

1929 Jul 2 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Ebe Sirowboy 8-11-28 · Kiger 7-2-29 · Mary Bah 8-25-30