Conrad "the Red", Duke of Lorraine

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Konrad der Rote

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Konrad der Rote (* um 922; † 10. August 955) aus der Familie der Salier war 944 bis 953 Herzog in Lothringen. Er trug im Jahre 941 den Titel Graf im Speyergau, Wormsgau und Nahegau. 942 bis 945 war er Graf in Franken.

Sein Vater war Graf Werner V. im Wormsgau und Speyergau, seine Mutter entweder eine Konradinerin, oder Hicha von Schwaben, die Tochter von Herzog Burchard II. von Schwaben. Im Jahre 942 beteiligte sich Konrad am Zustandekommen des Friedens von Visé. Als Dank wurde ihm 944 die Herzogswürde verliehen. Durch die Vermählung Liutgards 947, der Tochter König Ottos I., wurde seine Bindung zum Herrscherhaus noch enger. Otto I. begleitete er 951 auf dessen erstem Zug nach Italien und wurde bei seiner Rückkehr in das ostfränkische Reich 952 als Statthalter in Pavia eingesetzt. Konrad verbündete sich mit Ottos Sohn Liudolf von Schwaben 953 zum Sturz des verhassten Herzogs Heinrich von Bayern, dem beide die feindliche Gesinnung des Königs zuschrieben. Auf einem Reichstag in Fritzlar im Mai 953 wurden Konrad und Liudolf ihre Herzogtümer abgesprochen. 954 unterwarf sich Konrad nach verlorenem Aufstand in Langenzenn bei Fürth König Otto I. Er verlor jedoch das Herzogtum Lothringen und erhielt nur seine eigenen Güter zurück. Er ist der Stammvater des Salischen Kaiserhauses.

Konrad fiel als Anführer des fränkischen Aufgebots in der Schlacht auf dem Lechfeld gegen die Ungarn und wurde im Dom zu Worms begraben. Weil der Tagesheilige des 10. August 955, an dem Konrad der Rote fiel, der Märtyrer Laurentius von Rom war, wurden zur Erinnerung an ihn im Speyergau zahlreiche dem Heiligen Laurentius geweihte Kirchen und Kapellen errichtet. Sein im Jahre 948 geborener Sohn Otto war Herzog von Kärnten.

Quellen [Bearbeiten]

   * Widukind von Corvey: Die Sachsengeschichte des Widukind von Corvey, in: Quellen zur Geschichte der sächsischen Kaiserzeit, übersetzt von Albert Bauer, Reinhold Rau (Freiherr vom Stein-Gedächtnisausgabe 8), Darmstadt 1971, S. 1–183.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

   * Harry Breßlau: Konrad der Rote. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 16. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, S. 588–590.

* Alois Gerlich: Konrad der Rote. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 5 (1991) Sp. 1344.
* Fred Schwind: Konrad der Rote. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 12. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, S. 509.
Normdaten: PND: 138775591 | WP-Personeninfo

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Conrad the Red (German: Konrad der Rote; c. 922 – 10 August 955) was a Duke of Lorraine from the Salian dynasty.

He was the son of Werner V, Count of the Nahegau, Speyergau, and Wormsgau. His mother was a sister of Conrad I of Germany. In 941, he succeeded his father in his counties and obtained an additional territory, the Niddagau. In 944 or 945, he was also invested with Lorraine by King Otto I.

In 947, he married Liutgarde, daughter of Otto and Edith, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. He and Liutgard had one son, Otto of Worms, later duke of Swabia and Carinthia.

In 953, Conrad joined his brother-in-law, Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, in rebellion against Otto, who bitterly complained about Conrad's ingratitude. The rebellion was quashed and Conrad was deprived of Lorraine, which was instead granted to Otto's brother, Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne. Eventually Conrad and Otto were reconciled.

In 954 Conrad participated in a successful campaign against the Ukrani of the Uckerland. In 955, Conrad was killed in the Battle of Lechfeld while fighting alongside Otto against the Magyars. According to the chronicler Widukind of Corvey:

Duke Conrad, the foremost of all in combat, suffering from battle fatigue caused by an unusually hot sun, loosened the straps of his armor to catch his breath when an arrow pierced his throat and killed him instantly.

Conrad's body was carried in state to Worms, where he was given a lavish funeral and buried at Worms Cathedral by his son Otto. Conrad was the great-grandfather of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Conrad, Duke of Lorraine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Conrad the Red (German: Konrad der Rote; * around 922; † 10. August 955) was the Duke of Lorraine.

He was the son of Werner, Count of the Nahegau, Speyergau, and Wormsgau. His mother was a sister of Conrad I of Germany. In 941, he succeeded his father in his counties and obtained an additional territory, the Niddagau. In 944 or 945, he was also invested with Lorraine by King Otto I.

In 947, he married Liutgard, daughter of Otto and Edith, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. He and Liutgard had one son, Otto of Worms, later duke of Swabia and Carinthia.

In 953, Conrad joined his brother-in-law, Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, in rebellion against Otto, who bitterly complained about Conrad's ingratitude. The rebellion was quashed and Conrad was deprived of Lorraine, which was instead granted to Otto's brother, Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne.

Eventually Conrad and Otto were reconciled, and, in 955, Conrad was killed in the Battle of Lechfeld while fighting alongside Otto against the Magyars. According to the chronicler Widukind of Corvey:

Duke Conrad, the foremost of all in combat, suffering from battle fatigue caused by an unusually hot sun, loosened the straps of his armor to catch his breath when an arrow pierced his throat and killed him instantly.

Conrad's body was carried in state to Worms, where he was given a lavish funeral and buried at the cathedral by his son Otto. Conrad was the great-grandfather of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Sources

Weinfurter, Stefan. The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition, 1999

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Conrad the Red (German: Konrad der Rote; c. 922 – 10 August 955) was a Duke of Lorraine from the Salian dynasty.

He was the son of Werner V, Count of the Nahegau, Speyergau, and Wormsgau. His mother was a sister of Conrad I of Germany. In 941, he succeeded his father in his counties and obtained an additional territory, the Niddagau. In 944 or 945, he was also invested with Lorraine by King Otto I.

In 947, he married Liutgard, daughter of Otto and Edith, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. He and Liutgard had one son, Otto of Worms, later duke of Swabia and Carinthia.

In 953, Conrad joined his brother-in-law, Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, in rebellion against Otto, who bitterly complained about Conrad's ingratitude. The rebellion was quashed and Conrad was deprived of Lorraine, which was instead granted to Otto's brother, Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne. Eventually Conrad and Otto were reconciled.

In 954 Conrad participated in a successful campaign against the Ukrani of the Uckerland. In 955, Conrad was killed in the Battle of Lechfeld while fighting alongside Otto against the Magyars. According to the chronicler Widukind of Corvey:

Duke Conrad, the foremost of all in combat, suffering from battle fatigue caused by an unusually hot sun, loosened the straps of his armor to catch his breath when an arrow pierced his throat and killed him instantly.

Conrad's body was carried in state to Worms, where he was given a lavish funeral and buried at Worms Cathedral by his son Otto. Conrad was the great-grandfather of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Conrad the Red (German: Konrad der Rote; c. 922 – 10 August 955) was a Duke of Lorraine from the Salian dynasty.

He was the son of Werner V, Count of the Nahegau, Speyergau, and Wormsgau. His mother was a sister of Conrad I of Germany. In 941, he succeeded his father in his counties and obtained an additional territory, the Niddagau. In 944 or 945, he was also invested with Lorraine by King Otto I.

In 947, he married Liutgard, daughter of Otto and Edith, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. He and Liutgard had one son, Otto of Worms, later duke of Swabia and Carinthia.

In 953, Conrad joined his brother-in-law, Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, in rebellion against Otto, who bitterly complained about Conrad's ingratitude. The rebellion was quashed and Conrad was deprived of Lorraine, which was instead granted to Otto's brother, Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne. Eventually Conrad and Otto were reconciled.

In 954 Conrad participated in a successful campaign against the Ukrani of the Uckerland. In 955, Conrad was killed in the Battle of Lechfeld while fighting alongside Otto against the Magyars. According to the chronicler Widukind of Corvey:

Duke Conrad, the foremost of all in combat, suffering from battle fatigue caused by an unusually hot sun, loosened the straps of his armor to catch his breath when an arrow pierced his throat and killed him instantly.

Conrad's body was carried in state to Worms, where he was given a lavish funeral and buried at Worms Cathedral by his son Otto. Conrad was the great-grandfather of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Konrad «den Røde» var hertug av Lothringen.

Han fikk i 944 (947) hertugdømmet Lothringen, og var under keiser Otto I av Tyskland, fra ca. 940, en av de fremste i riket.

I 953-954 gjorde han opprør mot Otto som da var hans svigerfar, sammen med Otto's sønn Ludolf. Ludolf var misunnelig på sin maktlystne onkel Henrik, og mente at denne ble foretrukket på hans bekostning. Han var også forbitret over farens nye giftermål, som han var redd kunne føre til at han selv mistet sin arverett. Begge var hensynsløse nok til å sette seg i forbindelse med ungarerne, som benyttet seg av den knipe Otto var i, til å herje og plyndre på tysk område.

Otto gjorde imidlertid først opp regningen med sin sønn og sin svigersønn og tvang dem til underkastelse. Ved sine forbindelser med kristenhetens fiender, ungarerne, hadde de forøvrig også brakt sin sak i vanry og fått folkeopinionen mot seg, og Otto fikk derfor snart bukt med dem. Med sin vanlige edelmodighet tilga han dem, men de måtte gi avkall på sine hertugdømmer, og tronfølgerverdigheten gikk over til Ottos lille sønn i annet ekteskap.

Deretter vendte kongen seg mot ungarerne, som var blitt så overmodige av fremgangen de hadde hatt at de tenkte å underlegge seg hele det kristne Vesten. Med en hær som etter sigende skal ha tellet 100.000 mann, sikkert et uhyre overdrevet tall, brøt de inn i Bayern og skrøt høylydt av at de ikke aktet å la seg stanse av noe, så fremt ikke jorden oppslukte dem eller himmelen styrtet ned over dem. På markene ved Lech utenfor det sterkt befestede Augsburg, møtte Otto dem med en liten, men sterk rytterhær i august 955. Delbrück beregner Ottos hær til høyst 6000-8000 mann og mener at madjarerne snarere var færre enn flere. Nå ble det utkjempet et veldig slag, hvis verdenshistoriske betydning kan sammenlignes med slagene ved Troyes og Poitiers.

Widukind forteller at ungarerne var nær ved å omringe den tyske hæren, men at faren ble avverget ved en heltemodig innsats av Konrad «den Røde», som var kommet ridende til kampen med en skjorte av hestetagl under rustningen og hadde bønnfalt Gud om å få sone hva han hadde forbrutt, ved å få dø en ærefull død.

Da Konrad hadde avverget den fare som truet tyskerne i ryggen, holdt Otto en oppmuntrende tale til sine menn. «Heller må vi falle med ære, om det er Guds vilje,» sa han, «enn leve et vanærende liv som treller hos våre fiender eller kanskje komme til å dingle i galgen som forbrytere. Meget mer kunne jeg ha sagt, hvis det hadde vært nødvendig å øke Eders mot og dristighet, men la oss nå heller begynne å tale til våre fiender med sverdet enn med munnen». Med disse ordene grep Otto den hellige kongelansen som man sa var beslått med spiker fra Kristi kors og satte av sted rett mot fienden i spissen for sine menn. Tyskernes angrep var så kraftig at madjarernes motstand brøt fullstendig sammen og bare en liten del av dem unnkom. De andre ble hugget ned eller trengt ut i elven, hvor de druknet.

Konrad fant den død han søkte på slagmarken 10.08.955.

Tekst: Tore nygaard

Kilder:

Carl Grimberg: Menneskenes liv og historie, bind 8, side 16-18. Allgemeine deutsche Biographie. Mogens Bugge: Våre forfedre, nr. 202. Bent og Vidar Billing Hansen: Rosensverdslektens forfedre, side 91